The Global Conflict Of The United Nations - 1551 Words

Following the bloodiest global conflict humankind has ever witnessed, the world’s greatest powers sought to form a global institution which would prevent a future occurrence of this kind. On October 24th of 1945, a month and a half after WWII’s end, that vision came into existence under the establishment of the â€Å"United Nations†. Within its mutually established manifesto designed by its 51 founding member states, the UN Charter (which was ratified a few months prior in June at the United Nations Conference on International Organization) solemnly declared the United Nations commitment â€Å"to maintain international peace and security†¦ in conformity with the principles of justice and international law† (UN Charter, 1945). The UN would continue to†¦show more content†¦In 1993, a ceasefire between Juvenal Habyarimana’s government and the RTF was reached during the â€Å"Arusha Accords† in Tanzania, which included the support o f the United Nations peacekeeping mission called the UNAMIR, comprising of 2 548 personnel led by Romeo D’Allaire (NSA, 2014). This quasi-ceasefire took a turn for the worst on April 6 1994, when Habyarimana’s airplane was shot down by extremists (their affiliation is unknown). The following day would mark the beginning of a Hutu extremist led genocide of minority Tutsis and moderate Hutus. UNAMIR was rendered to minimal effectiveness once the killings began, as Chapter VI of the UN Charter limited UNAMIR to a strict mandate of assistance with a reduced force of 270 personnel, following resolution 912 from the UN Security Council (UNAMIR, 1999). By the time the Security Council decided to reinforce D’Allaire’s force with 5 500 more troops in May via resolution 918, the estimated number of casualties had already reached 500 000. While D’Allaire’s forces were able to save 32 000 Rwandans from an imminent death, 1 000 000 had perished at the ha nds of the CDR and Interahamwe by the end of the war in July 1994, including 70% of the Rwandan Tutsi population (ICRC, 2004). ***ONE MORE SENTENCE***This unfortunate event of needlessShow MoreRelatedThe World War II And The Cold War1199 Words   |  5 PagesWar between the economically powerful United States and the politically frightening Soviet Union. This post World War II Imperialism divided the world into three positions which, created the battle ground for the Cold War quest for territorial supremacy and illustrated the failure of the United Nations. 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New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy, which comprises ofRead MoreThe Cold War : A New History By John Lewis Gaddis1690 Words   |  7 PagesConflict of political ideologies is something that was present since the dawn of American history. The American revolt against the arrogant, totalitarian regime set a precedent for the future events in which the nation came together to oppose anything that went against the concept of democracy, and capitalism. Communism, or Marxism posed as a huge threat to the free mined Western societies, thus resulting in world wars that left perilous aftermaths, and bred an ongoing conflict between the two globalRead Mo reEuropean Security Strategy804 Words   |  4 PagesThe establishment of the European Union (EU) solidified a united political, economic, and defensive front creating a Supranational Organization (Lucas, 1999, no page). 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Hamlet William Shakespeare s Hamlet - 991 Words

Lucille Cousin November 10, 2014 APLA 12 - Hamlet Character Analysis William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, regarded as one his most famous plays, is based on the story of the Hamlet, the â€Å"Dark† Prince of Denmark. The protagonist, being Hamlet, is an extremely complex man with such a multi-dimensional personality that to this day, critics struggle to understand him. Each reader is left to decide his/her own interpretation of him — whether he is evil and insane, if he’s a tragic hero, or if he is a victim of circumstances beyond his control. A man of radical contradictions, Hamlet’s character remains one of the most ambiguous in American literature. One interpretation is that Hamlet’s inner turmoil is responsible for his insanity. Shattered by†¦show more content†¦As the play unfolds, his deteriorating state-of-mind becomes increasingly noticeable. Once Hamlet has dedicated himself to avenging his father’s death, others find it difficult to understand him. For example, in response to one of Hamletà ¢â‚¬â„¢s comments, Polonius exclaims, â€Å"How pregnant sometimes his replies are!† (II, ii, 226-227). For many, his bursts of intemperate actions such as murdering Polonius in Act 3 is what throws his sanity into question. On the other hand, it is important to consider Hamlet’s philosophical and reflective nature. How is a man as insane as he is able to contemplate difficult situations with such depth? Claiming that Hamlet is insane, therefore, is too easy a justification for his actions. In accord to G. G. Gervinius, Hamlet can also be interpreted as the hero of Denmark who grows increasingly paralyzed by the brutality and corruption that surrounds him. Hamlet, however, is no superman. He has doubts, uncertainties, and is neither perfect nor simple. To take the life of a man only requires the nerve of an assassin, but to avenge the death of a late king and father needs tact, patience, and wisdom. Hamlet knew well that his nation was already preparing to resist an at tack from Norway, so with heroic self-control and selflessness, he avoided doing anything that would encourage the enemy. Moreover, Hamlet was determined to be sure of Claudius’s guilt

Unit Three †Marketing P3 Free Essays

Marketing Research Market research indicates decisions made by a business, in this case Tesco, by helping the decision makers understand undercurrents of its market. This process involves research done on customers, competitors and the overall marketing environment. For example, when Tesco is promoting a product, they need to know the likes and dislikes of their targeted consumers in order to target the correct market successfully. We will write a custom essay sample on Unit Three – Marketing P3 or any similar topic only for you Order Now They would also be required to research about their competitors, to find out if by any chance they offered a product that was similar, and how they would differentiate their product from it. Also, as an overall, they would be required to research the environment of the market, as well as the size of their target market, in order to decide how they are going to offer the product to the consumers. Example: sold in store, online, or both. Primary and Secondary Research There are two types of research: †¢Primary Research †¢Secondary Research Information for these types of research can be done internally – within the organization, or externally, from another organization or source of information outside the organization, in this case Tesco. When information or data is gathered for a certain purpose and has not been gathered before is known is primary research. Internal primary research data source could consist of: †¢The business’s sales figures of products †¢A central database holding customer data External primary research data source could consist of: †¢Various questionnaires and surveys †¢A variety of focus groups and interviews †¢Observation techniques When data or information that has been collected before, either internally or externally, is used for research is known as secondary research. Another name for secondary research is ‘desk research’. Internal secondary research data source could consist of: †¢Sales and regional reports †¢Market research gathered in the past External secondary research data source could consist of: †¢Websites and trade journals †¢Newspapers and books †¢Public reports †¢Census data †¢Industry reports For business like Tesco that operate in many different fields, secondary research is more cost-effective, before they decide to conduct primary research. This allows Tesco to have a better understanding of the market, as well as recognize any major obstacles before conducting expensive research. Secondary research also allows them to make assumptions based on similar products and therefore, once primary research is conducted, it can be used against the assumptions to evaluate and compare. This will help indicate how much primary research they are required to do and therefore they don’t end up doing too much that is not required. However, Tesco is required to take the limitation of secondary research into consideration: †¢The information may be outdated †¢The information may be biased in order to promote particular causes †¢The methods used to collect the research may be unreliable. Qualitative and Quantitative Research Research methods can be qualitative, quantitive or can include both methods. Well-planned market research consists of both methods in order to result with a good combination of information revealing different things about the same market. Qualitative research is one-sided and normally unrestricted. It normally is gathered through interviews with customers or focus groups and therefore result in a wide range of research based on personal experiences and feelings. A qualitative question allows the individual go give a broad answer and not based against options. Qualitative research can be used to: †¢Find the perceptions of customers about an organization or brand. †¢Discover how changes in price and other factors affect customers and spending decisions. †¢Explore customer preference, interests and other factors. Quantitative research involves numbers and figures that can be examined mathematically or graphically. This may consist of sales figures, market values, etc. , as well as responses from customers on questionnaires. This is only categorized as quantitative research if the responses from the customers a chosen from series of answers provided on the questionnaire. The difference between quantitative and qualitative research: QuantitativeQualitative ObjectiveSubjective Tests theoryDevelops theory Concise and narrowComplex and broad Measurable Interpretive Basic analysis: NumbersBasic analysis: words and ideas Logical and reasonableDialectic Establishes relationshipsDescribes meaning Experimental settingNatural setting Uses of marketing research The information collected for market research prevents businesses like Tesco making wrong business decisions. If the product designer for Tesco progresses a new product without market research, then the business is not moving forward on reliable sources and therefore are unaware if customers are interested in the product or not. This indicates, effective market research improves the chances of success and reduces the risks. Tesco’s can also measure progress effectively over time. This can be done by, carrying out market research, to found out the awareness of the product before managing national advertising campaigns. Once they have conducted the research, they can put their national advertising campaigns into action and again conduct research and compare the two. Therefore, this indicates, market research can be used to measure progress as well as the effects of marketing activities. Limitations of market research – costs, effectiveness and validity of data collected Weather market research is done at a small or large scale, any time is required to be performed accurately and appropriately otherwise it gives irrelevant results. All market research conducted has the chances of being wrong no matter how well controlled and planned. There are various reasons why market research may not provide accurate or good results but a usual problem is deciding whether the research conducted really measures what it claims to be measuring. Marketers for Tesco are required to decide how reliable the information they have obtained is. Also they need to take into consideration, if the research contained had different respondents or different set of data points, would the results be similar. Validity refers to whether the research conducted is what it intended to be. Validity involves dependability, which means, a valid measure must be reliable. But, reliability doesn’t have to link to validity, a reliable measure is not required to be valid. The difference between reliability and validity: †¢Reliability guesses the point to which an tool processes the same way each time it is used in under the same conditions with the same subjects. †¢Validity involves the point of accuracy of your measurement. For organizations like Tesco’s, validity is considered more important than reliability because if a process does not precisely measure what it is supposed to, there is no use of it and therefore it being reliable is useless. Costs are also an essential consideration for Tesco when carrying out market research, as they are required to take into consideration if they money spent is worth the research undertaken and its potential benefits to the product, as well as the organization. A lot of time, effort and money can be spent on market research and in the end the solution discovered might not be worth implementing. How to cite Unit Three – Marketing P3, Papers

Kudler Fine Foods free essay sample

Organizational Behavior University of Phoenix Kudler Fine Foods is a local upscale specialty food store in the San Diego metropolitan area. The company has locations at La Jolla, Del Mar, and Encinitas. Kathy Kudler is the founder and President of the company. The organizational behavior aspects of Kudler Fine Foods will be examined and explored specifically in regard to its apparent organizational culture, organizational structure, impact of leadership, and causal agents that could effect organizational change. Apparent Culture at Kudler Fine Foods â€Å"Organizational culture is a system of shared values, assumptions, beliefs, and norms that unite the members of an organization† (Gomez-Mejia Balkin, 2002, chap. 5, p. 108). An organization’s culture can be described in three levels – visible culture, espoused values, and core beliefs (Gomez-Mejia Balkin, 2002). Kudlers organizational culture will be examined in terms of these three levels. The first level consists of visible culture. That is, what an observer can hear, feel, or see (Gomez-Mejia Balkin, 2002). At Kudler Fine Foods the organization requires that its employees should be clean, well groomed, and wear appropriate clothes, including uniforms (Kudler Fine Foods, N. D. ). A neat and clean appearance is the primary manner in which the visible culture of Kudler Fine Foods is expressed. No less important is the appearance of Kudlers stores, which are designed in such a way that conveys the sophistication of its specialized products aimed at a discerning consumer populace. The second level consists of espoused values which â€Å"are not readily observed but instead are the way managers and employees explain and justify their actions and decisions† (Gomez-Mejia Balkin, 2002, chap. 5, p. 109). At Kudler Fine Foods this second level of organizational culture is expressed by managements belief that the conditions, wages, and benefits offered to employees are competitive with those offered by other employers in the area. The organization also encourages its employees if they have concerns about conditions or compensation to express these openly and directly to their supervisors or store manager. The last level is core beliefs which are organizational attitudes that â€Å"are widely shared, that operate unconsciously, and that are considered nonnegotiable† (Gomez-Mejia Balkin, 2002, chap. 5, p. 109). Kudler Fine Foods core beliefs are that customers are very important and employees should be courteous, friendly, prompt, and helpful. Employees are expected to dress appropriately and are encouraged to express opinions and concerns openly. The organizations basic assumption is that creativity and innovation are critical for success. Employees are given freedom and responsibility and managers are expected to delegate important tasks to subordinates. Employees are encouraged to work together and communication is the key to success. Organizational Structure of Kudler Fine Foods â€Å"Organization structure is a formal system of relationships that determines lines of authority (who reports to whom) and the tasks assigned to individuals and units (who does what task and with which department). The vertical dimension of organization structure indicates who has the authority to make decisions and who is expected to supervise which subordinates. The horizontal dimension is the basis for dividing work into specific jobs and tasks and assigning jobs into units such as departments or teams† (Gomez-Mejia Balkin, 2002, chap. 10, p. 232). There are several elements of the vertical dimension which include the unity of command, authority, responsibility, and accountability, span of control, centralization and decentralization, and formalization (Gomez-Mejia Balkin, 2002). The three approaches of the horizontal dimension are functional, divisional, and matrix (Gomez-Mejia Balkin, 2002) . Every organization whether it is big or small has some form of organizational structure because without it a company would be unable to operate effectively. Kudler Fine Foods is a small company that operates in three different locations. Each location has a store manager and the structure of the stores is divided into departments. Four department managers oversee their corresponding department assistants and floor associates. The primary organizational structure trait at Kudler Fine Foods is the horizontal dimension. The daily work of Kudler Fine Foods is clearly divided by the tasks performed and those tasks are then subdivided into appropriate task-related departments. The President, Kathy Kudler, is the final decision maker, however she does allow her staff to make some major decisions within their designated store locations and departments. Because Kudler offers a variety of products and services to their customers, Kathy Kudler demonstrates the divisional approach of the horizontal dimension throughout her organization. The departments are separated into sections and those who specialize in that particular area are placed in the appropriate department. The Influence of Leadership at Kudler Fine Foods The leadership style at Kudler is autocratic with most of the decisions made by the President, Kathy Kudler. The President has developed the vertical dimension of the organization to a point where she personally makes most of the decisions up and down the chain of command. This is shown in the 2003 strategic plan where the risk assessment and mitigation strategy indicates that the founders health is one of highest risks to the corporation (Kudler Fine Foods, N. D. ). The lack of a unified purchasing system and Kathy Kudlers control over every purchase is additional proof of the autocratic style of leadership. Kathy Kudler has an emotional tie to the power structure at the store. This is evidenced by the manner in which legal decisions are made for the corporation. Ms. Kudler has the final say on every incident as to whether it will go to her lawyer or not. The store managers have some authority in determining the severity of the incident, however there is a flexible informal decision line that is blurry. The result is that Ms. Kudler makes most of the legal decisions. In addition, the attorney for the company is Kathy Kudlers sister-in-law who specializes in tax accounting. The personal tie and close association with a decision maker who does not specialize in the type of law needed by the corporation shows the Presidents tendency to keep decisions about the company personal. The vertical silo of authority at Kudler Fine Foods has worked well for the company while it has remained small. The last store to be brought online is the most underperforming store which could be a symptom of Kathy Kudler reaching the limit of her span of control (Gomez-Mejia Balkin, 2002). Furthermore, the comment in the strategic plan that highly paid employees are compensated by allowing them to take home excess food and how staff leaving have a direct effect on productivity shows an unstable workforce (Kudler Fine Foods, N. D. ). The communications from the support staff show an openness to approach Kathy Kudler with questions, ideas, and concerns. The communications between employees also show a willingness to solicit ideas for problem solving. This style of management and problem solving engages the employees in decision-making, but does not give them the authority to make decisions. This suggests a relationship-oriented leadership style. Ms. Kudlers main relation to line staff at each store is in hiring and firing. The relational disconnect between decision makers and line staff is probably a source of tension at Kudler Fine Foods. Potential Change Events at Kudler Fine Foods There are numerous internal and external factors driving change at Kudler Fine Foods. Many of the risks to Kudler Fine Foods are outlined in the 2003 strategic plan. The strategic plan shows that the threat of competition from existing or new entry stores has not yet been a major factor in the company’s development and the ability to obtain supplies is not a major risk to the corporation. The local economy surrounding some of the stores has caused difficulty with sales and retaining qualified staff. The threat of environmental cataclysm remains a possibility, but it is a threat to competitors as well (Kudler Fine Foods, N. D. ). Therefore, the external factors’ driving the growth of the organization is the economy and human capital. Within Kudler Fine Foods, there are many internal driving factors for change. The first is the analysis that the intern has completed. The suggestions made from this internal audit will be given directly to the owner of the corporation. The second is solving the staffing situation. The ecognized problem with retaining and hiring qualified staff is a critical issue for the organization. The ability to solve this problem is going to create change in the way that business is done at Kudler Fine Foods. The next motivating factor for change is continued growth. The problem with not having a unified purchasing system and a centralized power structure is going to drive a more structured power scheme within Kudler Fine Foods. This is going to move som e of the decision-making away from the center and may result in a team-based focus. Using Fiedler’s contingency-based model in conjunction with Ms. Kudlers relationship oriented leadership style would be one of the best possible solutions for Kudler Fine Foods continued growth. Conclusion Kudler Fine Foods is a small business that specializes in a niche product and geographical market. Because of the relatively small scope of Kudler Fine Foods operations, an intimate, extremely vertical control can be exerted by Kathy Kudler, who is, essentially, the only member of senior management. However, the future growth of her company may very well necessitate the implementation of a more team-based approach to daily operational management decisions as well as a more consultative manner in which to make strategic decisions. In order for Kudler Fine Foods to expand more efficiently, Ms. Kudler will need to adopt a more detached managerial tact.

The Moral Implications of The Pardoners Tale an Essay Example For Students

The Moral Implications of The Pardoners Tale an Essay d The Nuns Priests TDuring the Middle Ages, England was a nation in social chaos. Deception of every kind was rampart throughout the lands. Many people felt that there was a great need for moral improvement in society. In Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales he clearly brings to light his thoughts and concerns of ethical cleansing. No tale more fully expresses this idea than that of The Pardoners Tale and The Nuns Priests Tale. The Pardoners Tale suggests a profile of the Pardoner as a moral man, a man of God. The narrator is viewed as a wise, gentle, and truthful man who wants to share his story in a respectful tone. His story reveals his message, which is that greed leads to destruction and the corruption of all things good. The Pardoner appears to have beliefs that are consistent with the moral of the story. As he describes the journey of the three riders, he recognizes the evils of being greedy. For it was utterly the mans intent/ To kill them both and never to repent(255). He is perceived as a holy man who values truth and honesty. His tale describes the downfall in mans pride and arrogance. This is demonstrated through the irony of the three riders as they seek Death, whom they find when they plot against each other for selfish reasons and kill one another. They fell on him and slew him, two to oneHe took a bottle full of poison up/ And drank and his companion drank from it also and they both perished (256). The Pardoners prologue, however, reveals a man dedicated not to God and church, but rather, to the ruthless exploitation of the masses. Told in the form of a confession, the Pardoner reveals his method of preaching and manipulating his audience. That tricks been worth a hundred marks a year/ Since I became a Pardoner, never fearAnd tell a hundred lying mockeries more(242). The epilogue of The Pardoners Tale provides a final view of the teller, who is not concerned with truth or morality. Is there any good at all in the Pardoner? Even though the Pard oner provides his services because of his greed, he knows intuitively that all those around him require spiritual and moral guidance. He is able to turn the villagers he dupes away from their greedy ways by telling them a story of death and destruction. We will write a custom essay on The Moral Implications of The Pardoners Tale an specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The Nuns Priests Tale primarily revolves around Chanticleers dream. However, the importance of the story was not in the dream but rather in his actual encounter with the fox. Chanticleer notices the fox while watching a butterfly, and the fox confronts him with dissimulating courtesy, telling the rooster not to be afraid. Sir! Wither so fast away? / Are you afraid of me, that I am your friend? (227). As a way to trap Chanticleer the fox praises him on his magnificent voice. Truly I came to do no other thing/ Than just to lie and listen to you sing. / You have as merry a voice as God has given/ To any angel in the courts of Heaven (227). Chanticleer relishes the foxs flattery of his singing. He beats his wings with pride, stands on his toes, stretches his neck, closes his eyes, and crows loudly. The fox reaches out and grabs Chanticleer by the throat, and then slinks away with him back toward the woods. Fortunately for Chanticleer the response to his disappearance was rather immediate . The dogs follow, and pretty soon the whole barnyard joins in the chase. Chanticleer very cleverly suggests that the fox turn and boast to his pursuers. The fox opens his mouth to do so, and Chanticleer flies out of the foxs mouth and into a high tree. The fox tries to flatter the bird into returning to the ground, however, Chanticleer has learned his lesson. He tells the fox that flattery will no longer work for him. The priest even says it himself to his listeners, Lo, such it is to be on your guard against the flatterers of the world(231). This story served not only to provide a moral but also a warning to the people that there is a Chanticleer and a fox in all of us. Thus we must be weary of deception everywhere we go. The priest preaches moral cleanliness in a subtler manner than the Pardoner does nonetheless he does so. .u78f4dc9373fbe2c542d6505498db6305 , .u78f4dc9373fbe2c542d6505498db6305 .postImageUrl , .u78f4dc9373fbe2c542d6505498db6305 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u78f4dc9373fbe2c542d6505498db6305 , .u78f4dc9373fbe2c542d6505498db6305:hover , .u78f4dc9373fbe2c542d6505498db6305:visited , .u78f4dc9373fbe2c542d6505498db6305:active { border:0!important; } .u78f4dc9373fbe2c542d6505498db6305 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u78f4dc9373fbe2c542d6505498db6305 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u78f4dc9373fbe2c542d6505498db6305:active , .u78f4dc9373fbe2c542d6505498db6305:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u78f4dc9373fbe2c542d6505498db6305 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u78f4dc9373fbe2c542d6505498db6305 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u78f4dc9373fbe2c542d6505498db6305 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u78f4dc9373fbe2c542d6505498db6305 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u78f4dc9373fbe2c542d6505498db6305:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u78f4dc9373fbe2c542d6505498db6305 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u78f4dc9373fbe2c542d6505498db6305 .u78f4dc9373fbe2c542d6505498db6305-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u78f4dc9373fbe2c542d6505498db6305:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: There Was A Man Named Josiah Franklin. He Owned A Candle And Soap Shop EssayThe Middle Ages was a time when greed and deception reigned supreme. Many intellectuals felt that society, as a whole, needed some sort of moral enlightenment. One of those people was Chaucer who expresses his ideas through The Canterbury Tales. The Pardoners Tale as corrupt and exploiting as it was managed to express a clear moral message that greed can lead to destruction. In The Nuns Priests Tale Chaucer shows how sycophants used laudatory words to persuade or trick people into complying with their wants and desires.

reds v man for all seasons essays

reds 'v' man for all seasons essays Both A Man for all Seasons and Reds were aimed at Hollywood audiences and meant to appeal; to the general public, they include elements of character that are intended to please the audience (after all they needed to make money to pay for their making an estimated 45 million dollars in Reds case). In addition, some truths are left out of both, to make the film more concise and for the audiences enjoyment. This however, does not detract from the fact that they both offer accurate accounts of their relevant topics and do in fact both provide good representations of the past in film. In terms of characterisation, Thomas More (from A Man For All Seasons) is fairly accurate: according to Marius, More was witty, devout, principled, courageous and faithful unto death; Paul Schofield (More) conveys all of these attributes successfully (even humour in places). The story of Thomas More is one of a martyr, who died for his principles and stood strong in the face of corruption and the king, this is what the audience witness as they watch A Man For All Seasons, Fred Zinnemann (the Oscar winning director) successfully portrays the tyrannical Henry VIII reluctantly forcing More into execution through acts of parliament (the doctrine, confirming Mores acceptance of Henrys annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Arragon, which More refused to sign). However in terms of historical representation there are some truths, which are missing from Zinnemanns account, and in fact some that have been altered. For example, the infamous Richard Riche was not as malicious in him testimony against More as the film would have the viewer believe, and he actually played a much lesser role in history than in the film and his role was a lot less clear cut; what was conveyed was that he was a man striving to make himself and would no doubt have furthered his quest for power, influence and parliamentary position, ...

Answer the question from marketing point of view Essay

Answer the question from marketing point of view - Essay Example Faulty marketing strategy is what many consider as the core reason for its failure to draw the amount of customer it had targeted in the beginning. In such a situation the prowess of Apple's marketing strategy and the success of iPhone in getting a quantum hold over the market come into question. In marketing point of view, it can be conjectured that perhaps, Apple's strategy for iPhone in Europe and Asia has not been able to accomplish what it was supposed to. In my following statement I will discuss the merits and demerits of Apple's marketing strategy, where did they go wrong Their approach towards targeting Asian and European market is also a matter of concern now. The entire wireless industry awaited the advent of iPhone in the market. There was an unrestrained buzz concerning its grand arrival. Since Apple's iPhone is among the few other internet-connected multimedia phones it generated umpteen interests among the mobile users all over the world. One of the major reasons for such a craze about iPhone is its trendy, sleek and modish look. Adding to the outer appeal of the iPhone these smart phones are endowed with advanced features like 3rd generation wireless networking. Apple's iPhone has also been able get the attention of the gizmo geeks who are tempted by its ultra-modern features which include portable media player and visual voicemail. Those who love to flaunt advanced mobiles are easily attracted towards its multi-touch screen and a minimum hardware interface. Besides having an in-built memory of 8 GB the iPhones also have a large screen of 3.5 inches and a striking display. The mobile users and the lovers of modern gadgets were more inclined towards iPhones owing to their endless features that were not available in other mobile phones. There is no denial of the fact that Apple's iPhones were richly added with most advanced features and most of the mobile users were eagerly waiting for its advent. To many, iPhone is a wonderful innovation which offers internet services like, web browsing, and local Wi-Fi connectivity. People started to think of it's a wonder machine which is a major achievement by Apple Inc in revolutionizing wireless industry. Delicate look of the iPhones and their intelligent features combine to make them irresistible among the mobile phone users. Their craze is perhaps much because of the prospect of owning something stylish rather than the interest of using a complicated gadget. Merits and demerits of the strategies adopted by Apple in launching iPhone: The craze for Apple's iPhones is attributable to the excellent marketing strategies adopted by the company. It can also be inferred that since Apple Inc emphasizes on the significance of innovation people all over the world expected to see something unseen and use something which was not known before. The USP of the product was undoubtedly its unique features and endless number of convenient services within that smart phone. It is also to be accepted that the marketing team of Apple strove hard to market their product in a most plausible way. Apple Inc was prudent enough to adopt Price Skimming method in the initial stages of its marketing. This is a marketing strategy in which Apple deliberately overpriced its products without bringing it down. Its tactics has helped

Internet Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Internet Security - Essay Example The chief purpose of the web security is to inaugurate the rubrics and the procedures that are used in contradiction of the attacks on the internet. Typically, the internet provides an apprehensive channel that is cast-off for swapping data, which hints to high peril of interloping, or deceit. There are different forms that have been established to protect the transfer of data, one of them being encryption. Several forms of web security are being used in this modern generation and have been an improvement from the time the internet was introduced. This paper looks at a form of web security known as the network layer security. There are different layers of communication, which have different stratums of communication and they contain different and unique security challenges. This form of security also known as the layer 3 in the OOSI model is mostly vulnerable for many denials of service attacks and information privacy problems. There are several protocols, which are used in this netw ork layer commonly known as internet protocol (Blaze et al, 1996; Blaze et al, 1999).). In many cases, the standard protocol technique, which is employed by the IPSEC, involves summarizing a coded network layer-packet, which is usually placed on a standard network packet, which normally makes the encryption more vivid to the transitional protuberances, which must process packet headers for the drive of routing. The outgoing data packets are usually legitimate, scrambled, and condensed just afore being delivered to the grid, and inbound packages are decompressed, proved, and decrypted immediately upon delivery (Blaze et al, 1999). The main management in the protocol is usually delivered in simple cases. two hordes can share the key agreements protocols to negotiate the terms with other interested parties, and at the same time use the terms to as part of the condensing and encoding package transmutes (Harkins, & Carrel, 1998). Security network has several advantages as compared to the many applications that are provided in other places in the protocol stack. There are usually several network semantics from the web applications, which take advantage semantically and automatically in the many network layer security and their surroundings. The most significant network layer provides extraordinary tractability, which is not possible at advanced or the lesser intellections. The different codes can be constituted from the various ends in order to safeguard the traffic from the two codes. Moreover, the codes can be configured from, route-to-route in a manner to safeguard the traffic which passes over a certain convention of linkages. In addition, the codes can be encrypted to from edge-to-edge in a manner to protect the traffic since it takes a path between trusted networks through an untrusted network. However, the codes can be used in the manner other arrangements such that the nodes can be branded as proper safety end-points (Stewart, 2002). The design of encapsulat ion has a great advantage over the methods that are used for the fundamental verification and gives out the discretion service as not a theoretically problematic while other grid coat conventions have developed to a certain point of being homogeneous and used for profitable maximization (Fossen, 2003). Conversely, there are problems, which happen with the prevailing values for the system layer securities. The problem is that the network layer securities do not discourse whitest the administration of the whole decorum, which administers the way packets are handled during this process and the clouds of administering encoding the protocols. The security etiquettes shield the packets from interfering though they do not protect the hosts, which are mandated to exchange different kinds of

The Meaning of Sovereignty, and Its Extent in Contemporary Essay

The Meaning of Sovereignty, and Its Extent in Contemporary Nation-States. Sovereignty in the Asia-Pacific Region - Essay Example The 21st century saw some 200 independent states in the international community, the largest number of free states in history (Tsoundarou, 2002). The key factor for a state to be adjudged independent is its ability to effectively exercise its sovereignty unimpeded by external or internal forces. The concept of sovereignty is generally known by all as the ultimate power for self-determination in a free state. It is oftentimes equated with liberty or freedom. There is general agreement as to its description: sovereignty is absolute, limitless, indefeasible, inalienable, and indivisible (Underhill, 1808); it is qualitative or categorical, not quantitative and therefore not capable of description in percentage terms (Weber, 2011). Ideally, sovereignty resides in the people, although the government exercises the sovereign act in their name. Recently, however, developments in international relations have made it necessary to alter our concept of sovereignty, in order to create workable str uctures among nations that better address the imperatives of globalization and international cooperation. This essay posits the argument that the largely inwardly-looking concept of sovereignty being pursued by states in the Asia-Pacific region has acted as a constraint on the development of a strong regional union that would better serve their interests in a globalizing world. The predominant Westphalian sovereignty to which the Asia-Pacific nations cling is largely antithetical to the â€Å"pooling† of sovereignty that is a requisite to regional unification. In this regard, the Asia-Pacific region is not prepared to meet the imperatives of globalisation. The Meaning of Sovereignty The word â€Å"sovereignty† has been used in so many ways that a degree of ambiguity surrounds the determination of its meaning. In fact, there have been some authors who categorically state that sovereignty is impossible to define (Uruena, 2006). To illustrate the complexity of sovereignty as a concept, a taxonomy by Stephen Krasner (1999, in Weber, 2011, p. 3; Cohan, 1995, pp.912-916; and Jackson, 2006, pp. 63-64) identified four different usages: (1) Domestic sovereignty, that pertains to the power structure of state political authority, as well as the degree to which control is effected and imposed by this authority; (2) Interdependent sovereignty, pertaining to the degree by which the political authority is able to effect the entry and egress through its borders; (3) International legal sovereignty, that pertains to the recognition accorded to other states and which other states accord it; and (4) Westphalian sovereignty, that traditional form of sovereignty which excludes all foreign elements from its political processes. The general perception of â€Å"sovereignty† is that central power reserved by common consensus of nation states for the political head of that state. This began with the Treaty of Westphalia of 1648, otherwise known as the â€Å"Peace Treaty between the Holy Roman Emperor and the King of France and their respective Allies.† Composed of 128 clauses, the document was originally meant to contain the minute details marking the conclusion of the Thirty Years War. It includes the return of landholdings to the different feudal lords, with the promise not to interfere in the regime being implemented in territories other than their own. In effect, the power of the emperor founded on the â€Å"claim of holy predominance was passed on to the kings and lords who exercise their own local predominance† (Jackson, 2006, p. 62). This notion of the absolute right of the sovereign was eventually taken to be the â€Å"

Risk Factor Risk Based Prevention To Young Offending Criminology Essay

Risk Factor Risk Based Prevention To Young Offending Criminology Essay Risk factors which are used by developmental criminology, are those characteristics such as a large family, experience of abuse and having criminal parents whereby longitudinal and quantitative research shows that will present negative outcomes such as future offending and the more likelihood of offending. There has been research into youth offending which shows that there is a range of identifiable risk factors which are present in the lives of many children and young people. There are a number of risk factors which is said to increase the youths likelihood of being involved with criminal or anti-social behaviour, Family, individual, environmental. These risk factors have many agencies within them. The basic idea of risk-based prevention is simple. It is to identify the key risk factors for offending and implementing prevention methods planned to counteract them. Through effective sharing of information it provides the prospect for the early identification of those children and youn g people most at risk. In this essay risk factors and risk based prevention approaches will be outlined and critically assessed as approaches to young offending, firstly in the essay explaining and analysing risk factor approaches to youth offending by looking at the main foundation of risk factors and risk management by looking at the ideas of the approaches. Then Reliability of risk factors as a way to tackle delinquency to reduce prevention of reoffending will be looked at. The essay will also analyse techniques for risk based prevention methods and understanding the reasoning behind it. Lastly the essay will assess the effectiveness and efficiency to see if risk based prevention approaches have made a difference to youth offending. It is often wondered as to what triggers the youth to offend at such an early age. There are risk factors that are said to be predictors of delinquency. Risk factors come from the principles of Developmental Criminology. This criminology ideology is concerned with three key issues that are the developing of offending and antisocial behaviour, risk factors that focus on different ages, and the effects of events that have happened in life on the course of development. Developmental criminology thus tries to attempt to identify non-criminal behaviour which leads to criminal behaviour and to avoid them from happening at an early age with risk based prevention techniques. Offending is often part of a big syndrome of antisocial behaviour that arises in childhood and tends to continue into adulthood (West and Farrington, 1977). Risk factors and risk management had become important and had been highlighted in the 1980s. The public of the US wanted more accountability and rationality in the policies of the justice system. So that is when a new system of actuarialism had emerged. Jonathan Simon was first to notice actuarial assessments. The old society which was based around punishment of an individual in order to correct society was then challenged by a new risk society whereby its target was to find the risky population by using scientific calculations. These populations were controlled with minimum welfare support because they were targeted (Source: Muncie Pg.22) Risk analysing has become very common since the 1990s as interest in preventing crime research has grown rapidly. The approach which suggested that offending is part of the continuum of anti social behaviour which starts at childhood then persists to adulthood and which is then reproduced in generations is the criminal career approach. A project was investigated on why delinquency begins and to see if criminality can be predicted. The project was an ongoing Cambridge study in delinquent development. A group of working-class boys that were aged 8 were selected, twelve from ethnic minorities. They were contacted again at different ages in their life from 10 up until 48 to see which of those boys had developed a delinquent life and why some continued the life of crime when they came to adulthood. It was found that a fifth of the participants that had been selected had in fact committed an offence and had been convicted as a juvenile. Some of them had shared characteristics which were si milar, for example they were troublesome, impulsive etc. and had a tendency to come from families that were poor or large and that had parents who had been convicted. Farrington maintained that longitude research and recognized that the risk prevention paradigm had global implication and strong practical application. (Source: Muncie 2009 Pg.26) Based on all this information Farrington had identified family, individual and environmental predictors to future criminal behaviour. Among the family factors that are most important are criminal or antisocial parents, Criminal offences may run in the family and is shown that a high percentage of youth offenders had convicted members within the family. This may be due to the youth seeing that criminality is in the norm and therefore feel it is ok to offend. Children that come from criminal families often have an anti authority attitude and so therefore believe that offending is acceptable. Also large family size is an important family factor to delinquency, it was researched in the Cambridge study that if a boy had four or more siblings by the time he was 10 he doubled the risk of being a juvenile. There are many reasons why having a large family may make a youth turn to criminality. Parental attention decreases when the number of children increase in the family, therefore making the household more overcrowded which can then lead to conflict and frustration. There are many different types of child rearing methods which may lead to delinquency. There have been studies to show that parents that dont know what their children get up to i.e. not knowing where they are when they are out, and parents that allow their children to be out roaming the streets whilst unsupervised at an early age, tend to end up having delinquent children. Important individual factors were low intelligence, Having low intelligence and bad performance in school is a predictable reason for offending. There is a link between low intelligence and crime and it is associated with a poor ability to manipulate concepts to understand the feelings of victims. Empathy and impulsiveness are key factors which are personality traits that predict whether youth will become delinquent. Farrington took particular attention to this as he recognized them to be significant emotions in delinquency. Someone who l acks in empathy wont care about other peoples feelings and will have selfish attitudes, also like those who are more impulsive wont think about what their actions may have caused in the future. The important factors within environmental factors are peer pressure, Delinquents usually have delinquent friends therefore sometimes may be a result of peer pressure. As a youth they could be easily manipulated and convinced into participating in anti social behaviour, Drinking, smoking, drug abuse etc. There are many more risk factors however these factors just mentioned are most common and they are easily identified. (Source: Farrington 2007) There is sometimes a misunderstanding of risk factors as they may be seen as scientific facts and the real cause of crimes, However they should not be mistaken as they are merely a prediction of what may make youths offend in the future. However it does give an insight as to what areas need to be looked at in order to reduce crimes. The idea of risk factor approaches is that it generalises those individuals who are considered to fall into the risky category and those who are more likely to become offenders in the future. Risk factors surely cant be easily generalised, as the UK is a diverse nation, and it cannot be assumed that everyone lives in a similar community with the same customs. Risk factors fail to explain the variables of culture and context fully. What if there were different circumstances for example a child from a large wealthy family does this make the youth at risk of future delinquency? However this contradicts with the fact that children from poor families tend to t urn to delinquency. So are risk factors a reliable tool to tackle delinquency and reduce crime? it can be seen as a reliable tool however risk factors after all are just risks, so technically it doesnt mean its a certain reason as to why crime happens, it does on the other hand show which areas need to be focussed on and what needs to be done in order to help prevent future crimes. The idea of risk-based prevention is to identify the main risk factors for offending and to implement prevention methods planned to work against them. Risk-focussed prevention first came from medicine which was later imported into criminology from medicine and public health by Hawkins and Catalano (1992). There are many methods of crime prevention through early intervention. Visits from health professionals to give advice on things such as infant development, nutrition, alcohol and drugs so this reduces child abuse from parents. Intellectual enrichment programmes in nurseries which will stimulate reasoning and thinking skills for young children, parenting education programmes, cognitive and social skills training to teach children the consequences of their actions in terms of behaviour, there are many other risk based prevention methods but these are the common approaches used to help prevent and reduce crimes. It is easy to point out the risk factors and predicting the root causes of a youth being delinquent so therefore preventing youth crime can be done, however it is not easily done and may not be the case. There are many of the factors which are interconnected and there are problems with trying to spot which variables are independent and which variables are dependant. It is a crucial point when analysing risk factor evidence, because distorted results may produce false conclusions and focussing on risk factors which may not be necessarily needed. A huge problem of risk-focussed prevention is to figure out which risk factors are causes and which are simply markers or correlated with causes (Farrington, 2000).   A key problem with the risk factor prevention paradigm that its presentation of specified individualised risks as though they compromise uncontroversial facts, truths and scientific realities. The research within risk factors shows some correlations with statistical records of offending and so therefore shouldnt be confused with having discovered the causes of such offending. Risks may be pointed out and may try and be prevented however some youths may be punished for crimes they may have never committed and there is a chance that they may end up offending in the end due to interventions and as a retaliation, so therefore risk prevention management end up becoming a risk itself. So are risk based prevention approaches efficient and effective and have they made a difference to youth offending? The youth crime action plan is a comprehensive, analysis made by the government as to what they are going to do to tackle youth crime (Source: Homeoffice.gov.uk). The government are aware of the risks and have been trying to prevent them. i.e. the risk based prevention methods mentioned earlier. However there is a problem with this. Individuals and families are being targeted purely on the basis that they are risky candidates and therefore being punished for crimes which they have not even committed. Risks are just predictions and probabilities and chances of something which could happen or likely to happen. Its not certain that these risks could become reality. This therefore may seem unfair to those who may fall into the risky category however have no means or intention to commit a crime. Even though there is a chance in being able to prevent youth crime through preve ntion methods there is also a high chance of innocent people being labelled. So the question is whether risk based prevention approaches are fair? A large family in a deprived area may find it patronising for a health professional to come to their home to tell them about how to look after their children, and also may seem unfair because they are being targeted purely because they fall into a risk category, whereas a large family that live in a less deprived may not need such risk prevention methods directed at them. So would it not be fairer and more equal if everyone had the same help and support, because people who dont fall into the risk category may also offend in the future. On the other hand there are good signs of progress made by the government due to their intervention which is making a huge difference to youth crime. It is said that between 2000 and 2007 young offenders who have been reoffending within 12 months fell by 2.7%. the number of youths going into the criminal justice system has made improvements by reducing by 9% from 2006/07 to 2007/8. There has been a decrease in youths using drugs and alcohol (Source: Youth Action Plan 2007) So their youth action plan methods are efficient and effective as there is evidence of improvement however there will always be the minority which prevention methods will not work on. To conclude Risk factors and risk based prevention are important approaches to youth offending as it is important to try and tackle where the root of the problem is coming from and then ways to prevent youth crime from happening. However it is increasingly difficult to predict the patterns of a youths behaviour. Risk factors should not be seen as the causes of the crime, they should be seen as factors which contribute to the problem of crime in the majority circumstance. Risk factors and risk management can work for some people but may not work for others. it seems like people are picked out at random even if they may not even be the problem. There are clearly many problems with risk based prevention approaches which were mentioned in the essay, main one being whether the approaches are fair and whether it is fair for risk factors to target certain people even if they have no intention to commit crime, however it is important to try and deal with crime and trying to prevent it to kee p the level of crime low even if the minority may be unfairly accused. The youth action plan on the other hand shows statistics of improvements made by the governments interventions which shows that risk based prevention approaches are worthwhile. Perhaps giving everyone the same support would be a better approach regardless of whether they are in the risky category because someone who may be out of the categories within the main risk factors may still go on to offend, and it is hard to predict who is at risk of offending as the UK is ever changing and there are far too many factors to consider.

Tennessee Williams: Author and Playwright :: Biography Biographies Essays

Tennessee Williams: Author and Playwright      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thomas Lanier Williams was born on March 26th, 1911 in Columbus, Mississippi. Williams wrote fiction and motion picture screenplays but is primarily acclaimed for his plays. Thomas was the first son and second child of Cornelius Coffin and Edwina Dakin Williams. He was named after his paternal grandfather and insisted to be called Tom by the age of ten. His siblings include an older sister named Rose and a younger brother named Dakin. Williams spent a great deal of time with his sister Rose because she was not very stable, emotionally or mentally. Daryl E. Haley once said that Rose "was emotionally disturbed and destined to spend most of her life in mental institutions." Tom was primarily raised by his mother because his father was a traveling shoe salesman. Edwina Dakin Williams was the daughter of a minister and very over protective of Thomas. She began to be over protective after he caught Diphtheria when he was five years old. His mother was also an a ggressive woman caught up in her fantasies of genteel southern living. Amanda Wingfield, a character in his play The Glass Menagerie, was modeled after Williams' mother. Cornelius Coffin Williams, Tom's father, spent most of his time on the road. Cornelius came from a very prestigious family that included Mississippi's very first governor and senator. Mr. Haley also states that Tom's father was "at turns distant and abusive," that is, when he was actually around. Toms father also repeatedly favored his younger brother Dakin over both of his older children. Big Daddy, in Tom's play Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, is modeled after his father. Thomas once said, in reference to his parents relationship, "It was just a wrong marriage." From 1923 to 1926 Thomas attended Ben Blewette Junior High, and was at this time that some of his first stories were published in a local newspaper.    Thomas Williams lived in Clarksdale, Mississippi for several years before moving to St. Louis in 1918 at the age of seven. At age sixteen Tom had his first brush with the publishing world when he won third place for his essay "Can a Good Wife Be a Good Sport?". Besides winning third place, he also got five dollars from this National Essay Contest. In 1927, also at age sixteen, he published "The Vengeance of Nitocris." In the fall of 1929 he attended the University of Missouri to study journalism.

Nike and “King Consumer”

Popular culture, indeed, has always held athletes in high esteem, dating back to the days of the ancient Greeks and the first Olympiad events, thousands of years ago.   However, in recent decades, talented athletes in sports which had in the past been relegated to the upper class, such as tennis, are now embraced by the masses of all socioeconomic levels.   A case in point is the Russian tennis phenomenon Maria Sharapova.   Admittedly, she is an excellent tennis player, but there are countless other talented tennis players who have not gotten even a fraction of the media attention as has Sharapova. Taking a closer look at this pop culture frenzy, the adoration that has been showered upon Sharapova and many other athletes comes down to how our culture has influenced advertising (USA Today); more specifically, one can clearly argue that Sharapova and others grabbed their biggest share of fame once they began to commercially promote products such as Nike brand clothing and shoes, showing the power of advertising to focus the love of the masses on someone based on an image seen in commercials, as well as the ways that culture has influenced product brands. The Rise of Consumerism As was alluded to in the introduction of this paper, the common denominator in the rise of athletes to god-like status in society, and the growth of companies like Nike into multi billion dollar marketing machines, can all be attributed to the masses, leading to academic studies of consumers in such frequency that terms like consumerism have been coined to identify the analysis of the behavior and power of the consumer to dictate how the business world ultimately operates, what it offers to the public, and how the future of consumer goods will unfold. Experts in the study of consumerism have attributed the rise of consumerism itself to the global spread of what can best be described as material desire; in other words, the economic freedom that many parts of the world have been exposed to for the first time over the last quarter century or so has bred a new generation of consumers, who have the desire to possess consumer goods and finally have the financial means to buy them (Sussman).   Especially desirable are the â€Å"brand name† goods which consumers view as a symbol of affluence; the Nike â€Å"swoosh† symbol, for instance, is something that people consider a sign of success when it appears on their shoes or clothing. This, in itself, speaks volumes about the extent of consumerism with the use of a simple, yet telling example.   Because of the availability of foreign made, inexpensive clothing and shoes, it would make sense that if one merely wanted to keep warm or protect their feet, they would buy the least expensive, yet functional merchandise they could obtain; however, more often than not, consumers will pay much more than they have to for clothing items because of the presence of a Nike symbol or any of a score of others which have universal appeal.   In fairness to Nike and others, they do make products of sufficient quality and functionality, but also in fairness, one can find goods of similar, or even superior quality at lower prices, â€Å"sans swoosh† if you will.   The difference, once again, is the power of consumerism to dictate what one should wear on their bodies to be considered worthy in society. Catering to King Consumer When looking at the role of the consumer, it can fairly be said that we are really looking at â€Å"king† or â€Å"queen†, as marketing efforts target, and effectively reach, both genders.   In the case of Nike, the understated in fact speaks volumes; for example, the previously mentioned Maria Sharapova is presented by Nike as â€Å"just a tennis player† (Nike-United States).   In this case, what is not said actually screams out to the consumer.   The implication on the part of Nike is clear- their products hold the potential to bring out greatness, or to satisfy the highest needs of the most talented athletes like Sharapova.   This speaks volumes not only about the power of advertising, but also a bit about our culture. Culture’s Influence on Advertising The all-powerful consumer also wields a great deal of influence in terms of how companies like Nike advertise their products.   Going back to an example similar to the one in the previous section, Nike, in investing multiple millions of dollars in advertising, could purchase quite literally a ton of advertising year-round, but will spend the same amount for one quick television advertisement during the Super Bowl. The reason why is that the consumer dictates that for Nike and others, Super Bowl advertising is a command performance, much like attendance at a family dinner party to maintain harmony with one’s siblings.   This is indicative of both the power of the consumer to direct marketing strategy, and the power of the media to create powerful companies quite literally overnight in some cases (Kellner).   In the words of our old friends at Nike, consumerism and culture are tied together as such: â€Å"In a commercial culture that blends celebrity, product, and image, it is only natural that the sports shoe transnational Nike – as well as many other corporations – would purchase   star power to promote its products. Accordingly, I argue that the Nike connection calls attention to the extent to which media culture is transforming sports into a spectacle that sells the values, products, celebrities, and institutions of the media and consumer society† (Kellner, p. 64) . Culture is also a powerful ingredient in the consumerism mix; when one takes a look at the styles of clothing and shoes that Nike offers, as well as their advertising, it is clear that urban culture is a strong influence, leading to farm kids in Iowa, for example, wearing Nike gear, even though the closest they may have ever come to city life is seeing graffiti on a tractor trailer rolling through their town, on the way to somewhere else.   The point to be made is that popular culture is a driving force in marketing today. Conclusion In an image-obsessed society such as ours, material goods can, and do, create legendary, larger than life individuals, who in turn sell billions of dollars in products, and the cycle continues.   As a conclusion, perhaps the old saying is the best: â€Å"consumer is king†! Works Cited Kellner, Douglas. Media Spectacle. New York: Routledge, 2003. (Nike-United States  Ã‚   2007)Nike-United States. 2007. Nike, Inc.. 5 Mar. 2007 . Sussman, Charlotte. â€Å"Consumerism in World History: The Global Transformation of Desire.† The Historian 66.1 (2004): 211+. â€Å"Tennis Royalty Crowned by Prince.† USA Today (Society for the Advancement of Education) Nov. 2005: 78+.    Nike and â€Å"King Consumer† Popular culture, indeed, has always held athletes in high esteem, dating back to the days of the ancient Greeks and the first Olympiad events, thousands of years ago.   However, in recent decades, talented athletes in sports which had in the past been relegated to the upper class, such as tennis, are now embraced by the masses of all socioeconomic levels.   A case in point is the Russian tennis phenomenon Maria Sharapova.   Admittedly, she is an excellent tennis player, but there are countless other talented tennis players who have not gotten even a fraction of the media attention as has Sharapova. Taking a closer look at this pop culture frenzy, the adoration that has been showered upon Sharapova and many other athletes comes down to how our culture has influenced advertising (USA Today); more specifically, one can clearly argue that Sharapova and others grabbed their biggest share of fame once they began to commercially promote products such as Nike brand clothing and shoes, showing the power of advertising to focus the love of the masses on someone based on an image seen in commercials, as well as the ways that culture has influenced product brands. The Rise of Consumerism As was alluded to in the introduction of this paper, the common denominator in the rise of athletes to god-like status in society, and the growth of companies like Nike into multi billion dollar marketing machines, can all be attributed to the masses, leading to academic studies of consumers in such frequency that terms like consumerism have been coined to identify the analysis of the behavior and power of the consumer to dictate how the business world ultimately operates, what it offers to the public, and how the future of consumer goods will unfold. Experts in the study of consumerism have attributed the rise of consumerism itself to the global spread of what can best be described as material desire; in other words, the economic freedom that many parts of the world have been exposed to for the first time over the last quarter century or so has bred a new generation of consumers, who have the desire to possess consumer goods and finally have the financial means to buy them (Sussman).   Especially desirable are the â€Å"brand name† goods which consumers view as a symbol of affluence; the Nike â€Å"swoosh† symbol, for instance, is something that people consider a sign of success when it appears on their shoes or clothing. This, in itself, speaks volumes about the extent of consumerism with the use of a simple, yet telling example.   Because of the availability of foreign made, inexpensive clothing and shoes, it would make sense that if one merely wanted to keep warm or protect their feet, they would buy the least expensive, yet functional merchandise they could obtain; however, more often than not, consumers will pay much more than they have to for clothing items because of the presence of a Nike symbol or any of a score of others which have universal appeal. In fairness to Nike and others, they do make products of sufficient quality and functionality, but also in fairness, one can find goods of similar, or even superior quality at lower prices, â€Å"sans swoosh† if you will.   The difference, once again, is the power of consumerism to dictate what one should wear on their bodies to be considered worthy in society. Catering to King Consumer When looking at the role of the consumer, it can fairly be said that we are really looking at â€Å"king† or â€Å"queen†, as marketing efforts target, and effectively reach, both genders.   In the case of Nike, the understated in fact speaks volumes; for example, the previously mentioned Maria Sharapova is presented by Nike as â€Å"just a tennis player† (Nike-United States).   In this case, what is not said actually screams out to the consumer.   The implication on the part of Nike is clear- their products hold the potential to bring out greatness, or to satisfy the highest needs of the most talented athletes like Sharapova.   This speaks volumes not only about the power of advertising, but also a bit about our culture. Culture’s Influence on Advertising The all-powerful consumer also wields a great deal of influence in terms of how companies like Nike advertise their products.   Going back to an example similar to the one in the previous section, Nike, in investing multiple millions of dollars in advertising, could purchase quite literally a ton of advertising year-round, but will spend the same amount for one quick television advertisement during the Super Bowl. The reason why is that the consumer dictates that for Nike and others, Super Bowl advertising is a command performance, much like attendance at a family dinner party to maintain harmony with one’s siblings.   This is indicative of both the power of the consumer to direct marketing strategy, and the power of the media to create powerful companies quite literally overnight in some cases (Kellner).   In the words of our old friends at Nike, consumerism and culture are tied together as such: â€Å"In a commercial culture that blends celebrity, product, and image, it is only natural that the sports shoe transnational Nike – as well as many other corporations – would purchase   star power to promote its products. Accordingly, I argue that the Nike connection calls attention to the extent to which media culture is transforming sports into a spectacle that sells the values, products, celebrities, and institutions of the media and consumer society† (Kellner, p. 64) . Culture is also a powerful ingredient in the consumerism mix; when one takes a look at the styles of clothing and shoes that Nike offers, as well as their advertising, it is clear that urban culture is a strong influence, leading to farm kids in Iowa, for example, wearing Nike gear, even though the closest they may have ever come to city life is seeing graffiti on a tractor trailer rolling through their town, on the way to somewhere else.   The point to be made is that popular culture is a driving force in marketing today. Conclusion In an image-obsessed society such as ours, material goods can, and do, create legendary, larger than life individuals, who in turn sell billions of dollars in products, and the cycle continues.   As a conclusion, perhaps the old saying is the best: â€Å"consumer is king†! Works Cited Kellner, Douglas. Media Spectacle. New York: Routledge, 2003. (Nike-United States  Ã‚   2007)Nike-United States. 2007. Nike, Inc.. 5 Mar. 2007 . Sussman, Charlotte. â€Å"Consumerism in World History: The Global Transformation of Desire.† The Historian 66.1 (2004): 211+. â€Å"Tennis Royalty Crowned by Prince.† USA Today (Society for the Advancement of Education) Nov. 2005: 78+.   

Diversity In An Organization Example

Diversity In An Organization Example Diversity In An Organization – Coursework Example DIVERSITY IN THE ORGANIZATION By Diversity in the Organization Diversity in an organization can be referredto as a combination of various qualities that are distinct from the organization’s practices (Phillips & Gully, 2013). Therefore, diversity can basically be composed of factors such as ethnicity, physical abilities, sexual orientation, marital status, race, gender, and religious background among others. To facilitate the creation of diversity in an organization that is traditionally homogeneous, managers should increase the workers awareness of and involvement in the various workforce diversity issues, monitor the work progress and focus on work data, set aggressive but achievable targets and eliminate miscommunication whilst ensuring close coordination among the workforce. Doing this will provide cohesiveness and unity within the organization thence making it easier to carry out the diversity process.The top management play a huge role in the development and implementati on of organizational diversity. Thus, there is need for top level management support in order for organization’s diversity to become a success. For instance, the managers must display a strong commitment towards the set diversity structure or program, they must also receive diversity training for the purposes of addressing factors such as stereotypes, myths, and other organizational barriers as well as cultural differences that may interfere with the work performance of employees. Likewise, the management must recognize diversity as part of the organization’s strategic objective thus linking it to other organizational goals. Furthermore, managers have also a duty to stress the importance of diversity throughout the organization and they should be held accountable for meeting the set goals and objectives for diversity.There are various problems that may accompany the implementation of diversity in an organization. For that reason, managers should be aware that, first, m any employees prefer doing their work in homogeneous groups and thus they would tend generally avoid and resist change. Besides, there is the challenge of poor communication due to the diverse work environment brought about by the different factors such as multiple ethnicities, sexes, age groups among others. To ensure that these challenges do not affect the success of diversity implementation in an organization, managers should possess good leadership skills as well as other skills such as change management, communication, organizational development, evaluation and assessment, and psychology among others. ReferencePhillips, J., & Gully, S. M. (2012). Organizational behavior: Tools for success. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Good and Tested Tips on How to Focus on Homework. Improve your Grades!

Good and Tested Tips on How to Focus on Homework. Improve your Grades! All parents want their children to get good grades. Set realistic educational goals and expectations, spend a lot of time on studying, start completing a big assignment first, and do other things that will help you succeed. How to focus on homework? Setting your mind to avoid every possible distraction helps. There are many things that may distract you from your academic work at home, including other people, loud music, holiday mood, phone calls or your email to friends, or video games that you want to play day and night. You should understand how to avoid these distractions, plan your working schedule, and prepare a comfortable room to study to have control over educational tasks and keep your motivation. Read this article that will share useful information to help you concentrate. How to find the right mindset How to stay focused on homework? This task is tough for many students, but there are some helpful tips that can teach you how to manage all distractions and concentrate on your studies. Keep yourself on track every hour. If you feel that you’re losing your attention, gently remind yourself that you should focus on an important academic paper or project. This technique works well because you’ll spend less time on distractions. Check these helpful tips: Tune out all distractions when you notice them; Give yourself a special worry break; Prioritize subjects by setting the main goal; Work with your energy levels Turn off all devices; Take regular study breaks for a few minutes; Avoid multitasking. Tune out your distractions If you prefer to study in a college or university library, someone texting can easily distract you. Take notes of all distractions to overcome them effectively. If you leave them without your proper attention, they will keep causing you problems for a long time. Giving yourself worry breaks How to focus on homework? Master this effective technique to get rid of distractions from studying and keep your concentration because modern life gets quite busy. Spend a minute on thinking about everything that’s on your mind, but then you need to tell yourself that it’s time to concentrate on your studies. Prioritize your academic tasks Set the main goal. Break all assignments down and choose primary homework goals to make things easier to manage and you’ll be less prone to distractions. If you have biology exams coming up and they cover a few chapters, it’s not necessary to study everything in only one session. Choose the most problematic parts first. ORDER MY HOMEWORK HERE Turn off all devices Texting, call, social media, and other similar distractions that come from your electronic devices are huge barriers to keep your focus on homework. It’s easy to fix this problem and you should turn them off and don’t take any texts or calls, even from your family. If you can’t stop this distraction, use special apps to block it. Work with your energy levels It’s quite natural for people to procrastinate and avoid the most unpleasant or difficult tasks. Your energy levels are high when you start doing your homework. This means that you need to start with harder assignments and put off easier tasks to keep your focus sharp. Take brief study breaks regularly Stepping away from your college tasks on a regular basis is more beneficial than trying to do it without stopping. Take short breaks to refresh your mind and keep your focus. Exercise, take a walk or do other healthy things. Avoid multitasking Don’t try to multitask when doing your homework even if you think that completing several assignments at once means that you will work faster. What does it mean? Multitasking or doing your homework while shopping online and watching TV will cause you to lose your concentration, so focus only on one task at a time. Why you should use your homework schedule and set up a study space When you have many things to learn, it may seem difficult to get through everything. How to solve this problem? Create your realistic homework schedule where you set specific times to learn particular things to make your studies less stressful. Ensure that it’s flexible enough. Let other people around you know about this schedule. Change subjects or switch things regularly because this variety will help you keep your focus on homework, or your attention span and energy levels will get low fast. You can use different distractions in a positive way and your incentive. If you need to study geometry for 1 hour, nut funny cat videos distract you, then you should make them your reward after doing your homework. How to set up your study space Find the right place that makes you want to study and complete all homework tasks. This location should motivate you to learn. It shouldn’t be too loud for you. If different things often distract you, choose the place that faces the wall instead of hallways, windows, or other seats. Inform your friends and relatives that you’re studying and ask them not to disturb you during this period of time. Music can help you keep your motivation on homework. 7 Effective Ways to Stop Homework Distractions It’s easy to stop all kinds of homework distractions if you follow a few effective guidelines: Make homework your good habit; Find your perfect space to do it; Get rid of possible interruptions; Plan everything ahead; Break big projects into smaller tasks; Give your brain regular breaks; Shift subjects and get loose. Make homework your good habit Complete assignments right after your school. Your schedule may vary based on other important factors, but you should stay consistent with it and make homework your second nature. Find a perfect study space Doing your homework in the same place on a daily basis will help you cement this routine. Find a comfortable and quiet study space. It can be your own bed, public libraries, or kitchen tables. Get rid of unnecessary interruptions and plan ahead There are many simple techniques that can help you, such as wearing headphones, silence app notifications, blocking chronically distracting sites, etc. Make your detailed homework plan to do everything on time. Break big projects into smaller parts If you have big assignments to complete (research papers or anything else), you can keep your concentration by breaking them into smaller pieces and completing them every day. It’s simple to lose your concentration if homework seems too complex or has distant due dates, and that’s using this strategy is a must. Give your brain regular breaks Why do you need that? Trying to complete complicated geometry problem sets just in one sitting will frustrate you and make you give up because your brain can’t do the same thing for a very long time. Take regular breaks to refresh it. Shift subjects and get loose Feel free to shift your subjects a few times to complete your academic assignments successfully. Your studying routine shouldn’t be monotonous. The more senses you involve into it, the more you will retain. If you still can’t focus on your studies, don’t panic because we can help you, and all you need to do is to go to our official website. Our trained and qualified professionals will help you get back on track 24 hours per day, and their services are affordable and reliable.

Interpretive Paper on the Bayon Temple Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Interpretive Paper on the Bayon Temple - Essay Example At the centre of the walled city is the Bayon Temple, representing the intersection of heaven and earth. The Bayon Temple is renowned for its immense stone faces of the Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara also known as Lokesvara; every stone face looks outwards and keeps watch over each cardinal direction. The calmly smiling image is believed to represent King Jayavarman himself (DumarCay et al, 2001) . Additionally, there are fifty-one smaller towers surrounding Bayon, each with four faces of its own. The long walls surrounding the Bayon Temple bear a unique collection of bas-relief scenes of legendary and historical events (DumarCay et al, 2001). Over 11,000 carved figures are wrought on the 1.2 km of wall, their paint now faded The Bayon Temple consisted of three plans, for the three levels of the monument. The fourth state of construction pertained to the building of passages linking the galleries at the first and second levels (DumarCay et al, 2001). The purpose of this paper is to inte rpret the architecture of the Bayon Temple of Angkor Thom in Cambodia. The relationship of its elements, shape, and design to the temple’s socio-cultural context will be examined. ... The central ‘mountain’ was a Buddhist sanctuary containing a large image of the Buddha Amitabha, while the four faces of Bodhisatva Lokesvara, ‘the Lord of the World’ embellished its numerous towers (Figs. 2 and 3) (Eisenstadt, 1971). There is a gate in the middle of each of the four sides marking the limits of the city, and a fifth gate on the East leads to the entrance of the royal palace. Similar to the central Bayon Temple, and the other towers within the walled city of Angkor, the towers above the gates are also crowned with the four-fold faces of Lokesvara. Thus, the smaller world of the city, and that of the whole Khmer empire were put under the protection of the ‘Lord of the Universe’ (Eisenstadt, 1971). The cosmic meaning of the city was further accentuated by the balustrades of the causeways leading over the moat to the city gates. They were made up of rows of giant stone figures representing gods and demons, holding a massive seven-he aded serpent (Figs.4, 5, and 6) (Eisenstadt, 1971). By these structural components and adornments, the entire city represented the â€Å"churning of the primeval milk ocean by gods and demons, when they used the serpent king as a rope and Mount Meru as churning stick† (Eisenstadt, 1971, p.171). Thus, the moat around the walled city of Angkor Thom symbolized the ocean, while the Bayon Temple at the centre of the city which formed the converging point for all the lines of churning gods and demons, represented Mount Meru itself. This is portrayed in Figs. 4, 5 and 6. According to DumarCay et al (2001), in the architectural history of ancient Cambodia, the Bapuon was the last temple mountain constructed in compliance with the cult of

Economics of Competition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Economics of Competition - Essay Example The trend towards concentration had been present for the previous twenty years, but the 1980s were characterized, most notably, by the emergence of a small group of retail corporations whose turnover, employment levels, profitability and sheer market and political power came to rival the largest industrial corporations in any sector of the UK economy. Between 1982 and 1990, the market share of the top five grocery retailers increased from under 25 per cent, to 61 per cent of national sales, on one estimate, and a "super league" of just three firms began to separate out in terms of growth, profitability and annual capital investment. During years which have been described as the "golden age" of British grocery retailing, the immense oligopsonistic buying power wielded by the retail corporations came to condition all aspects of retailer-supplier relations, and created new corporatist relationships between the retailers and the regulatory state. Nowadays, there are many retailers who are trying to enter the competitive grocery market. However, it is difficult to gain substantial market share as the industry is very saturated and requires a lot of efforts for companies to become leading competitors. Below, the market share of the UK retail industry is presented. As we see from the table, only a few retailers present competitio... The "Others" that include hundreds of retailers constitute 14.3% and are relatively small shops that do not present a threat to the retails such as Tesco or Asda. The evolution of grocery industry and the competition in it reflects significant changes over the time. As we will see further in this paper, the competition in the grocery industry used to take place between the small shops which did not take a dominant position on the whole market of the country, but rather were located and competed on the small area. In present time, the situation is changed as big retailers try to capture the whole market of the industry. 2. Main grocery retailing competitors To understand how the competition of British grocery retailing evolved, it is first necessary to appreciate some of the key features of the retailer-dominated UK food system which emerged during the 1980s, for it was those features which drove that internationalization. Four features will be picked out. In practice these are intimately interconnected, but for purposes of discussion it is useful to separate them. In the early 1980s the top three firms-Sainsbury, Tesco and Asda-held a combined market share of around 20 per cent of national grocery sales. They had recently been joined by two other firms, the Argyll Group and the Dee Corporation (later Gateway), which were growing rapidly by takeover and merger. Between 1982 and 1988 the dominance of this "big five" group increased considerably. Their combined market share reached approximately 43 per cent by 1984 and 58 per cent by the end of 1988. By 1988, Sainsbury, the largest food retailer, had surged up the rankings of British companies by turnover, from 51st position a decade earlier, to 14th

Say no to Racism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Say no to Racism - Assignment Example Direct racial discrimination involves treatment of an individual in a less favorable manner compared to others in the same circumstances on the basis of ethnic or national origins as well as actual origins of the victims (Eisenstein 2004, p. 65). Unlike direct racism, indirect racism occurs when application of a certain practice to everyone affects only some races or people from specific national origins. This type of discrimination can also be presented when a small portion of persons from a particular racial group meet a non-discriminatory condition more effectively than other people from different races (Lennox 2009, p. 200). Victimisation takes place when a person is treated less kindly than other people in similar situations because of grumbling about racial prejudice or supporting a person who underwent the same predicament (Lennox 2009, p. 201). Harassment, on the other hand, involves a person violating another person’s dignity on the basis of ethnic or race group. Hara ssment is very typical; it takes place in schools, offices, public transport sectors, and everywhere in the society (Helms 2015, p. 140). Majority of the people become racists because of what they learn from their immediate surroundings (Helms 2015, p. 139). However, some are racist because of ignorance; conservative families do not appreciate culture diversity. Racism is very high in Russia because of the large number of racists. In connection with this, it is evident that Russians often harass black players by likening them to monkeys (Spector 2014, p. 124). It is a result of this that there are many anti-racism advertisements in football (Spector 2014, p. 129). In relation to this assertion, racism can be overcome by enhancing proper child upbringing. Punishment should also be encouraged to those perpetrate the vice in all fields (Helms 2015, p. 144). Eisenstein, ZR 2004, Against Empire : Feminisms, Racism, And The West, n.p.: Melbourne :

The denouement of The Dead Essay Example for Free

The denouement of The Dead Essay Looking at the denouement (pages 217 224) of The Dead, discuss the emotional variety of Gabriel. In the denouement of The Dead Gabriels mood oscillates between different emotions until, at the end, an epiphany comes upon him. This climatic epiphany at the end has been alluded to throughout the story. The effect of this realisation is enhanced by the emotions which preceded it. When Gabriel and Gretta leave the cab and go into the hotel Gabriel is almost in a state of euphoria. The first touch of her body, musical and strange and perfumed, sent through him a keen pang of lust During their journey back from the party he reflected nostalgically upon their honey moon and his lust for her seems to have been rekindled. In his enamoured state he feels an acute sense of passion towards his wife. As they climb the stairs of the hotel, Only the stress of his nails against the palms of his hands held the wild impulse of his body in check The reference to nails and palms alludes to the crucifixion of Jesus, similar allusions are used later on in the story. His excited state of ardour when juxtaposed against his mood later on serves to emphasise it in its contrast. Gabriel also feels a sense of escapism which is part of what contributed to his euphoric state, He felt that they had escaped from their lives and duties, escaped from home and friends and run away together This sense of escapism is a continuation of what he discussed in his speech at the party and is a theme which Joyce likes to explore. However, does this escapism imply that they are trapped in their everyday lives and duties? When they enter the hotel room the porter offers them a candle because the electricity is not working, however, Gabriel replies We dont want any light. We have light enough from the street. Could Gabriel be trying to create a more romantic atmosphere for what he thinks is going to happen? The lack of light also serves to heighten the atmosphere and creates an apt setting for the conclusion of the story. The light entering the room is referred to as ghastly, this seems to link in well with the menacing setting of earlier, again Gabriels emotions seem incongruous with the setting. The light coming in from the window is referenced frequently in the story and becomes of greater importance as the denouement progresses. Gabriel makes conversation with Gretta but she says she is tired, she then walks over to the window and looks out of it with a serious face, as mentioned before we will later see the significance of this. Gabriel waits for her but feels that diffidence [is] about to conquer him and strikes up another line of conversation about Malins, but this is in a false voice. Even though, in conversation, Gabriel appears to have his emotions under control it says he is trembling with annoyance, most probably triggered by her seeming indifference to him and he wonders at her [abstraction]. Joyce is foreshadowing what is to come, however, Gabriel is oblivious to his wife actual state of mind. He is still in a state of passion but acknowledges that, To take her as she was would be brutal. As Gabriels lust grows his feelings take on an almost bestial nature, the word brutal is used again in reference to the language he wishes to shout out and he has to restrain himself. He longs to, Cry to her from his soul, to crush her body against his, to overmaster her. He is in such a fever of rage and desire that he does not hear her return from the window. The portrayal of lust as something that brings out a persons animalistic nature is not an uncommon one. When she returns from the window she kisses him and tells him that he is a very generous person. The kiss and compliment trigger a mood change and his fever of rage is quelled and he trembles with delight. He strokes her hair and his heart brims with happiness, this mood sharply contrasts with his prior feverous state and demonstrate the tempestuous nature of his emotions. Gabriel wonders if, Her thoughts had been running with his In light of later occurrences this seems a foolish remark when one considers what she must have been thinking about. Gabriels own thoughts have diverged far away from what Gretta is thinking about and she does not feel his impetuous desire. However, Gabriel asks the fatal question, What are you thinking about? Gabriel then realises that she was certainly not thinking about a night of passion as she [brakes] loose from him. Gabriel feels astonishment when she breaks away and follows her. As he passes the mirror he catches sight of himself within it, His broad, well-filled shirt-front, the face who expression always puzzled him when he saw it in a mirror and his glimmering gilt-rimmed eye glasses. This favourable image of himself will offer the reader a point of contrast when he sees himself later on and will show the effect the dead have had upon his own perception of himself. When Gabriel realises that the person she is upset about is someone she used to know his smile [passes] away, this phrase also alludes to the dead. A dull anger begins to gather and the dull fires of his lust began to glow angrily in his veins, his anger of earlier is now being rekindled and his emotions have swung again. When Gretta tells him his name he tries to seem disinterested in this delicate boy, he turns the phrase Gretta has used to describe Michael against him. His smiling question of earlier has turned into a cold question, heat was used earlier in the story as a symbol for their passion, this symbol has now been subverted in place of his attempt at indifference. Grettas eyes make Gabriel feel awkward, he possibly has an idea of what is to come. Before Gretta tells him that Michael is dead she looks away from him and along the shaft of light towards the window, the window is appearing again and could be linked with the memory of Michael Furey. Gabriels response to Gretta saying that Michael is dead is a sense of [humiliation] as he realises that whilst he has been preoccupied by memories full of joy and desire she had been comparing him in her mind with another. In light of this shameful consciousness of himself his image of himself changes, in the mirror he sees himself as ludicrous and pitiable and accuses himself of idealising his own clownish lusts. As mentioned before this shows the effect Michael Furey has had on him and one of the main themes of this story is how the dead affect the living beyond the grave. We see in quite an obvious light how Michaels death has affected Gretta but this shows us how he has indirectly affected Gabriel already. When Gretta tells Gabriel that she thinks Michael died for her a vague terror seizes him, Some impalpable and vindictive being was coming against him, gathering forces against him in its vague world Could this impalpable and vindictive being be Michael Furey? At this point he sees Michael Furey as something coming against him, his feelings towards him have not yet evolved into the jealousy, and then admiration, of later on his image of him is still vague. Gretta then goes on to tell Gabriel the full story of how Michael died and of the last night she saw him, I heard gravel thrown up against the window. The link between Michael and the window is now established, Gretta could have been looking out the window earlier remembering Michael. You could go further to say that the light coming through the window from outside was in some way part of Michael this would explain Grettas preoccupation with the window and why, earlier on, Gabriel instinctively turns away from it to hide his shame. When Gretta moves to the bed Gabriel goes and looks out of the window and this is when his epiphany creeps upon him. Gabriel looks upon her unresentfully, he does not blame Gretta but he does feel a jealousy that she has had that romance in her life. Gabriel is now pained by the realisation that he had played a poor part in her life. He wonders if she has told him all the story as he sees her clothes against the chair. Gabriel now wonders at his, Riots of emotions an hour before Those emotions are now long gone and he reflects upon what had given rise to them. As he wonders at the events of the party and of the wall home his thoughts inadvertently turn to death and he thinks about how his Aunt Julia will soon become a shade and that they were all becoming shades, from this he realises that it is better to, Pass boldly into that other world, in the full glory of some passion, than fade and wither dismally with age He admires the way Michael Furey passes away boldly and generous tears fill his eyes as he realises that he has never felt that way about anybody and henceforth he has never felt love. This realisation that he has never loved anyone before is an especially depressing thought for him given that he is married and at that stage of life to realise that you could die never having felt love could be a terrifying thought. Part of why Furey passed away boldly could have been because of the love he had felt during life and how he had left behind some of that love with Gretta. Many people believe that the only afterlife we experience is what memories we leave behind on Earth, if Gabriel died, what would he leave behind? Gabriel now sees Michael Furey before him, standing under a dripping tree, this image would have been the image Michael left behind with Gretta because it was the last she saw of him. This also links Furey to Christ because Christ stood under a tree in the Garden of Gethsemane a few nights before he was crucified. Furey seems a Messianic figure, he also died young which would fix him forever as the innocent youth Gretta loved who would never fade away. Gabriels soul begins to approach the vast region where dwell the vast hosts of the dead , he can feel but cant apprehend their flickering existence. As Gabriels identity begins to fade out he is experiencing an almost out of body experience. The dead are referred to as flickering, which is reminiscent of a candle, these could be the previously referred to shades. This flickering existence could be contrasted with the bold passage of Michael into the other world, and the light, which seems representative of him, that shines through the window upon them. Gabriel is drawn by taps upon the window and realises that it had begun to snow again and from this comes the realisation that it is snowing all over Ireland and thus on the graveyard where Michael lay from this he is able to draw a link between Michael and himself. Again the fact that he is drawn by the window shows how this realisation is brought on by the memory of Michael. Gabriels soul [swoons] as he hears it falling like the descent of their last end, upon all the living and the dead, he now feels the effect that the dead have upon the living. These final thoughts could suggest that the living might, in fact, be able to escape and live unfettered by the past, because surely snow cant last forever? Gabriels emotions at the beginning were fervent and filled with anger and passion, they fluctuate as the evening progresses and these fluctuations are triggered by Grettas mood and response to him and thus, in effect, by Michael Furey. By the end of the story Gabriel is no longer angry but feels a keen sense of self awareness triggered by Grettas revelation that Michael Furey died for her. The setting of the story against the backdrop of winter which, in literary tradition is a symbol for death, is entirely appropriate given the nature of Gabriels epiphany. Joyce exhibits how, beyond the grave, the dead can still have an effect on the living. In his speech at the party Gabriel says, of the dead, Were we to brood upon them always we could not find the heart to go on, Will he ever manage to escape the death of Michael Furey?